Constitutive NRF2 activation is common in cancer [29] and facilitates resistance to cisplatin, as in cisplatin-resistant RT-112 bladder cancer cells and in murine squamous cell carcinoma models [19,30], by inducing cytoprotective enzymes, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling, glutathione transferases, and MRP drug conjugate exporters [19,30,31,32,33]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and squamous cell carcinoma.