CB0313.1 modulates gut microbiota composition to selectively enrich butyrate-producing bacteria, promote GLP-1 and insulin secretion, activate the GLP-1/insulin/pIRS1-pAKT-PPARγ-G6Pase/Pck1 pathway, and reduce hepatic glucose output, which ultimately mitigates hyperglycemia in diabetic host mice. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.