DUOX1 and escherichia coli infection: In addition to the immune effector genes PPO6 and DUOX, we also found that the Jak/Stat essential pathway member AGSTAT-A and, to a lesser extent, the negative regulator of this pathway, PIAS, were induced in response to E. coli infection in larvae and not in adults, showing that the same infection results in stage-specific induction of signaling pathway genes.