In humans, the addition of butyrate to the culture condition of lamina propria and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Crohn’s disease stimulated with LPS prevented the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus, and consequently produced less amount of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β [44]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Crohn disease.