The discovery of the EML4-ALK fusion gene in 2007 [2] as a driver of the malignant phenotype in a small subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) led to the accelerated development of the first ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib, which was given regulatory approval by the FDA in 2011 together with the Vysis ALK Break Apart Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Probe Kit (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL, USA) companion diagnostic assay [3]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.