Upregulated expression of CD11b, IBA1, and CD68 markers for microglia, and of GFAP and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 markers for astrocytes, is reported consistently [20], implying that activation of astrocytes and microglia may have a role in ALS pathogenesis. The gene discussed is ITGAM; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.