Although there is growing evidence from humans suggesting that high baseline plasma CORT levels are associated with subtle biases in attention and memory that adaptively tune behaviour in the face of potential threats11, we believe that our study is the first in any species to show that experimentally manipulating chronic levels of CORT causes the predicted increase in expectation of punishment expected in anxiety-like mood states9, 13, 27. The gene discussed is CORT; the disease is Anxiety.