PPARA and atherosclerosis: Sartippour et al. (2000) evaluated the in vitro and ex vivo effect of high glucose concentrations on macrophage PPAR (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) mRNA expression52 and observed that dysregulation of macrophage PPAR expression in T2DM alters arterial lipid metabolism and inflammatory response and might contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis in T2DM.