In this study of older men without prevalent CVD, sRAGE was strongly and positively associated with renal dysfunction, as observed in other studies [31], and related positively to NT-proBNP, a marker of ventricular stress, as well as haemodynamic markers of arterial wave reflection (AP and AIx), which are known to predict CVD and HF [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [27]. Here, NPPB is linked to hydrops fetalis.