Our previous study demonstrated that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the major type I interferon (IFN-I)-producing cells during acute or chronic HIV-1 infection, could inhibit viral replication while significantly contributing to HIV-1 infection-induced immune-pathogenesis, including increased immune cell death and reduced immune reconstitution of human CD45+ cells in humanized mice in vivo [29]. The gene discussed is PTPRC; the disease is HIV-1 infection.