IL4 and helminthiasis: The cumulative data showed that the proportion of single IL-4/5/13-producing Mtb-specific CD4 T cells from active TB cases was not influenced by 1) polyparasitism (including W. bancrofti, hookworm, S. mansoni, S. haematobium or S. stercoralis) (P>0.05) (S4A Fig), 2) by helminth infections caused by helminth species exhibiting lung migration capacity, or 3) by past exposure to helminths (S4B and S4C Fig).