The cumulative data showed that the proportion of single IL-4/5/13-producing Mtb-specific CD4 T cells from active TB cases was not influenced by 1) polyparasitism (including W. bancrofti, hookworm, S. mansoni, S. haematobium or S. stercoralis) (P>0.05) (S4A Fig), 2) by helminth infections caused by helminth species exhibiting lung migration capacity, or 3) by past exposure to helminths (S4B and S4C Fig). Here, CD4 is linked to helminthiasis.