In particular, the ability of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells to produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and/or IL-13 in response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 peptide pools stimulation was assessed by multi-parametric flow cytometry in 25 TB patients and 30 Mtb/helminth co-infected patients from TZ and compared to 17 TB patients from SA. Here, IL5 is linked to tuberculosis.