CXCL chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9 [monokine induced by interferon γ (Mig)], CXCL10 [interferon-γ—inducible protein-10 (IP-10)], and CXCL11 (interferon-inducible T cell α chemoattractant; I-TAC) are produced in the liver by infected hepatocytes during CHC. Here, CXCL11 is linked to cryohydrocytosis.