Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that differentially methylated CpG sites were annotated to genes involved in ‘cell cycling’ (e.g. NDRG1, NEDD1, and MAD1L1), ‘inflammatory diseases’ (e.g. PRTN3), and ‘cancer’ (PCDHA6, MUC4, and ATP2C2) (Figure S2B). Here, MAD1L1 is linked to cancer.