TGF-β is also recognized as one of the most important regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in several models, such as tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and heart fibrosis28–30. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.