CD163 and HIV infectious disease: Elevated levels of other innate immune activation markers including soluble CD163 (sCD163), which is shed from macrophages via proteolytic cleavage by the sheddase ADAM-17 following an inflammatory stimulus (Etzerodt et al., 2010), and thus is also considered an inflammatory marker, have also been linked with both HIV infection and aging (Hearps et al., 2012, O'Halloran et al., 2015).