When adjusted for age, current CD4+ T-cell count, co-infection with HBV or HCV, a history of AIDS, and CD4:CD8 ratio, several lipid species belonging to the monohexosylceramide, GM3 ganglioside, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine and alkylphosphatidylethanolamine classes were independently associated with frailty (p < 0.05, Table 2). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is coinfection.