This association remained independent of age, current CD4+ T-cell count, co-infection with HBV or HCV, a history of AIDS, and CD4:CD8 ratio in both total and non-classical monocyte populations (OR, 3.8 CI 1.2–12.5, p = 0.03; OR, 3.0; CI 1.3–6.9, p = 0.01, respectively) (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and coinfection.