Notably, DUS2 is upregulated in many lung cancers (Fig. 2) [96], and while a corresponding increase in dihydrouridine in the cytoplasmic tRNAPhe has been observed [97], it is possible that changes in DUS2 levels similarly affect mt-tRNA modification and that this may also contribute to carcinogenesis. The gene discussed is DUS2; the disease is lung carcinoma.