This is in sharp contrast to adult animal models of PAH in which BMP9 and pharmacological activation of BMPR2 with FK506 reduces and even reverses monocrotalin and Sügen-hypoxia-induced PAH and RVH in mice and rats (Spiekerkoetter et al., 2013; Long et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene GDF2 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.