This supports the hypothesis that in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung disease the balance between BMP- and TGF-β-dependent signaling is disturbed (Hilgendorff et al., 2014) and that restoring this imbalance by either decreasing TGF-β- and/or increasing BMP-dependent signaling may have therapeutic potential. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is lung disorder.