These inflammatory cytokines are released by immune cells in response to triggering factors, such as chronic inflammation, and mediate a sequential cascade of cellular events, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)9, 10, sustained activation of tumor-associated signaling pathways such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway11, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)12–14, and inflammation-associated angiogenesis15. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is neoplasm.