A reduction in tumor growth has also been seen in MFP tumors of E-cadherin-knockdown SUM149 and MARY-X human breast cancer cells, in 4 T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells, and in SUM149 cells engineered to overexpress ZEB1, all of which demonstrated dramatic growth retardation compared with their respective controls [74]. This evidence concerns the gene ZEB1 and breast cancer.