C9 and cancer: Some studies investigated other combinations of autoantibodies, for example, the panel of five monoclonal antibodies (C9, LRG, Hpt, ACT and CFH) [53], the panel of 4TAAbs (NOLC1, HMMR, MALAT1 and SMOX) [13] or the combination of NY-ESO-1 plus 3 tumor antigens (CEA, CA-125, and CYFRA 21–1) [66], to distinguish early-stage cancers from controls, and found that these different combinations of multiple autoantibodies have a high diagnostic accuracy for detecting early-stage lung cancer.