PDE1A and Hypertension: Interestingly, a large gene-centric meta-analysis in 87,736 individuals of European ancestry has identified an association between the PDE1A locus and diastolic and mean arterial pressures [76], and mutations of PDE3A resulting in increased PKA–mediated PDE3A phosphorylation and gain of function have been found in six families with hypertension and brachydactily syndrome [77].