ICAM1 and leptospirosis: Because ICAMs cluster at intercellular junctions distinct from the adherens junction and tight junction [61], the elevation of ICAMs is likely an independent phenomenon from the disruption of adherens junctions by pathogenic Leptospira. In pulmonary leptospirosis patients, an increase in ICAM-1 expression was detected in the alveolar septa and pulmonary vessels [7].