In some cases we observed effects of specific TP53 mutations, such as the R249S mutation in lung adenocarcinoma, previously described in hepatitis and aflatoxin-associated liver cancer, that alter TP53 function in ways more subtle than simple loss of function and also suggests that some genetic-immune interactions could be related to environmental and/or viral insults[28]. Here, TP53 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.