The extent of liver fibrosis in lentivirus-infected mice was determined by H&E staining, Sirius red staining, TUNEL staining, IHC and western blot for α-SMA and collagen1 (Supplementary Fig. 10a, b), the hepatic hydroxyproline content (Supplementary Fig. 10c) and the serum level of ALT and AST (Supplementary Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and Hepatic fibrosis.