We determined that HELIOS+ CD25lowFOXP3+ cells were increased in SLE, CID and T1D patients as compared to their healthy control cohorts (Supplementary Figs. 6A and B) similar to the findings with CD25lowFOXP3+ cells (Fig. 1C and D) and that HELIOS+ cells contributed significantly to all cohorts examined (Supplementary Figs. 6C and D). This evidence concerns the gene IKZF2 and combined immunodeficiency.