For the downregulated DEGs, OSM, MMP3, CXCL6, and CXCL8 all displayed expression patterns similar to the qRT‐PCR validations; that is, the protein levels were lower in the primary CRC tissues with liver metastases than in those without liver metastases (Fig. 5C–F). The gene discussed is OSM; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.