In such regard, all T. crassiceps [18], S. mansoni [12], T. pseudospiralis [14], T. spiralis [13], and F. hepatica [19] infections have been shown to potently modulate EAE in association with a Th2-type response that is low in TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.