B7-H4 is initially found to be expressed on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells and negatively regulates the activities of T cells or neutrophils by binding to an unknown receptor.7 However, the role of B7-H4 in cancer development remains controversial since B7-H4 has been shown to either enhance8 or inhibit tumorigenesis9 through the evasion of immune surveillance or other unknown mechanisms. The gene discussed is VTCN1; the disease is cancer.