KRAS and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Similar to previous reports, K-ras has high alteration frequency of 47–100% in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.[24–26] K-ras alterations are also found in benign pancreatic disease and at all stages of pancreatic ductal anaplasia.[27] K-ras alterations are thought to be an early event in pancreatic carcinogenesis.