It has been previously shown that the induction of the expression of NeuroD2 in Xenopus embryos and P19 embryonal carcinoma cell line, as well as in embryonic stem cells, is sufficient to induce neural differentiation (McCormick et al., 1996; Farah et al., 2000; Sugimoto et al., 2009). The gene discussed is NEUROD2; the disease is embryonal carcinoma.