In conclusion, cytochalasin D might impair extravasation and migration to the site of infection of neutrophils stimulated by the chemoattractant fMLP or bacterial LPS via (i) the inhibition of the secretion of MMP-9, a key player in the degradation of the vascular basement membranes and interstitial structures, and (ii) the simultaneous stimulation of the secretion of aggressive bactericidal agents which trigger the inflammation of the surrounding tissues (Tables 1, –3). This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and infection.