Interestingly, overexpression of PPARG (log TPM > 7) also occurred in about 27% (96/358) MIBC patients without CN gain (CN<3), suggesting that a subset of the bladder tumors may engage non-genomic mechanisms to facilitate high expression of PPARG. In aggregate, nearly 40% of MIBC show genetic lesions or non-genomic based misexpression in the RXRα/PPARγ heterodimer suggesting an essential role for this complex in the pathogenesis of MIBC. This evidence concerns the gene RXRA and urinary bladder neoplasm.