VEGFA and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: Fernández-Robredo et al. [36] reported that apolipoprotein E- deficiency (ApoE−/−) caused an elevation of VEGF, vacuole formation in retina pigment epithelium (RPE), deposit accumulation in basal lamina and an increase in the thickness of Bruch’s membrane similar to the findings observed in AMD.