TRAF1 and breast cancer: For example, STAT3 can be activated by CD40:TRAF2/3 ligation via JAK in BC [113]; NF-κB can be activated by CD40:TRAF1-3/5-6 interaction via IKK/I-κB in BC and MC; and AP-1 can be activated by CD40:TRAF6 via MAPK in MC and MØ [114].