Matrilysin is associated with pregnancy complications: 1) its amniotic fluid concentrations are elevated in women with preterm labor and intact membranes who deliver preterm regardless of the presence of intra-amniotic infection [166]; 2) in the placentas of patients with severe preeclampsia, there is extensive immunostaining of all layers of villous trophoblast for MMP-7 [165]; 3) by contrast, placentas from patients with severe early-onset preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction, the interstitial trophoblast cell expression of MMP-3 and MMP-7 are markedly reduced [167]. Here, MMP3 is linked to fetal growth restriction.