In clinical breast cancer samples, decreased mRNA expression of BMP-2, BMP-7, BMP-10 and GDF-9a (an analogue of BMP-15/GDF-9b) were seen and associated with poor clinical outcomes (Reinholz et al. 2002, Buijs et al. 2007, Hanavadi et al. 2007, Davies et al. 2008, Ye et al. 2010). This evidence concerns the gene BMP2 and breast carcinoma.