As shown in Fig. 3a, b, not only the percentage of IL-17A+ in CD19+ B cells, but also of its subgroups, including CD1dhighIL-17A+, CD1dlowIL-17A+, CD5+IL-17A+, CD5−IL-17A+, CD1dhighCD5+IL-17A+, CD1dhighCD5−IL-17A+, CD1dlowCD5+IL-17A+, and CD1dlowCD5−IL-17A+, were elevated post-infection. Here, CD5 is linked to infection.