CASP1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, the chemotherapeutic agents gemcitabine (Gem) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) have been confirmed to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in MDSCs to curtail anticancer immunity, and Gem and 5FU exert greater anti-tumor effects when tumors are established in NLRP3-/- or casp1-/- mice [61].