TNF and Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology: The respective expression profiles showed that the attenuation of adrenal Ren expression in autonomic dysfunction preceded a decrease in brainstem Tnf and an increase in brainstem Agtr1. These results could be due to attenuated upregulation and downregulation influences of adrenal Ren on brainstem Tnf and Agtr1, respectively (Fig 6C).