Notably, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, PD-1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab in CheckMate and pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE studies, and PD-L1 inhibitors, including atezolizumab in POPLAR and OAK studies, have exhibited a survival benefit compared with conventional standard therapy [3–8]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.