PARP1 and Parkinson disease: Chemotherapeutic alkylating agents can trigger a regulated form of necrosis that is dependent upon hyperactivation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1; also known as ADP-ribosyltransferase and diphtheria toxin-like 1, ARTD1).10, 11, 12, 13, 14 PARP1/ARTD1-dependent cell death, also known as parthanatos, has also been shown to have a major role in cell death induced by physiological conditions such as ischemia reperfusion, Parkinson’s and uncontrolled diabetes (reviewed in Fatokun et al.15and Ying and Padanilam16).