In AMD cybrids, HNG treatment caused a significant decrease in the gene expression of apoptotic markers such as BAX (49.4%), BCL2L13 (23.69%), Caspase-3 (25.85%), Caspase-7 (39.83%), and Caspase-9 (29.9%) compared to untreated-AMD cybrids (P<0.05) (Figures 5a–e,Supplementary Table S8). The gene discussed is CASP9; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.