With respect to the extracellular mechanism, Humanin is known to bind to a trimeric CNTFR/gp130/WSX-1 receptor complex, inducing activation of JAK-STAT pathway and transcription of downstream genes.60 In the current study, untreated-AMD cybrids had significantly reduced gp130 protein compared to untreated-normal. Here, CNTFR is linked to age-related macular degeneration.