PAK1 and metastatic neoplasm: In contrast, in advanced stages of breast cancer strategies to enhance Rac1b expression and/or lowering Rac1 expression, e.g., by diallyl disulfide, a garlic-derived compound that downregulates the Rac1-ROCK1/PAK1-LIMK1-ADF/cofilin signaling pathway and suppresses cell migration and invasion in human colorectal cancer cells [52], could be effective in treating metastatic disease by interfering with proinvasive TGF-β signaling.