It is interesting that males have no active mechanism to actively remove iron from their bodies during their lifetime and are also more likely to be diagnosed with PD.37,41,42 We find differences in mitochondrial Hb in comparisons of male and female PD brains.37 Our data set compared age-matched postmortem brain mitochondrial hemoglobin ratios that we found to decrease with disease duration in female cerebellum mitochondria with a less discernible effect in male cerebellum. Here, GSTM1 is linked to Parkinson disease.