RB1 and breast carcinoma: It inhibits transcription of genes required for the G1-S phase, which results in cell cycle arrest.16 It is usually inactivated by mutations in several human cancers.43,44 Furthermore, functional loss of the Rb gene has been shown to contribute to aggressive tumor phenotypes and induce EMT in breast cancer.18,21,45 Arima et al.21 showed that Rb can bind to the E-cadherin promoter in conjunction with AP-2α.