ACE and diabetes mellitus: A subset of 3577 people with diabetes included in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation study, aged 55 years or older, with a previous cardiovascular event or at least one other cardiovascular risk factor, no clinical proteinuria, heart failure, or low ejection fraction, and who were not taking ACE inhibitors were randomly assigned to receive ramipril (10 mg/day) or placebo and vitamin E or placebo, according to a two-by-two factorial design.