A randomized controlled trial with surgical intensive coronary unit patients (63% cardiac surgery and 13% diabetes) showed benefit of intensive glycemic control (insulin infusion glycemic target 80–110 mg/dL) vs. usual glycemic control (180–200 mg/dL) in mortality, infection, acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis, blood transfusion, and polyneuropathy in critically ill patients. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.