TNF and infection: AOSD is a rare systemic inflammatory disease and has several clinical manifestations, such as fever, sore throat, and skin rash.[15] However, this disease does not have specific characteristic symptoms and laboratory results, and therefore diagnosis can only be made after exclusion of infection and cancer.[16] There are several prognostic biomarkers of inflammation, including WBC, ESR, CRP, procalcitonin, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, all of which have been reported as prognostic or disease activity markers in AOSD.