However, in other cell types such as glioblastoma cells, NFκB but also MAP kinases such as ERK1/2, p38 and JNK as well as canonical TRAIL signaling involving caspase activation were shown to be responsible for TRAIL’s effects on cytokine and chemokine production17, 25, 34, 35. Here, NFKB1 is linked to glioblastoma.