Interestingly, we were not able to detect differential caspase-1 activation in BMDMs infected with wt or nga(G330D) bacteria as measured by secreted active caspase-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blotting (Fig. 4A) or a colorimetric assay using a substrate for active caspase-1 (data not shown), suggesting that the increased IL-1β levels observed in nga(G330D) bacterial infections are not caused by increased inflammasome activation per se by this strain. Here, CASP1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.