To evaluate whether the involvement of HBO1 in GG-NER observed in HeLa cells also occurs in human fibroblasts, we examined Ser50 and Ser53 phosphorylation of HBO1 at ultraviolet-induced damage sites in fibroblasts from normal and XP patient complementation groups XPE, XPC and XPA (Fig. 6a). This evidence concerns the gene XPA and xeroderma pigmentosum.